The Latest Probiotics Science

References & Sources:

General Information on Aktiv-K12
Tagg JR (2009) Streptococcal Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances: Some Personal Insights into the Bacteriocin-Like Activities Produced by Streptococci Good and Bad

Bad Breath
Burton J, Chilcott C, Tagg J (2005) The rationale and potential for the reduction of oral malodour using Streptococcus salivarius probiotics. Oral Dis 11:29-31

Throat Health
Tagg JR (2004) Prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis by anti-Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Streptococcus salivarius. Indian J Med Res 119(Suppl):13-16

Development of Aktiv-K12
Tagg JR (1992) BLIS production in the genus Streptococcus. In: James R, Lazdunski C, Pattus F (eds) Bacteriocins, microcins and lantibiotics. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 417-420

Bad Breath
Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR (2006) A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodor parameters. J Appl Microbiol 100:754-764

Safety
Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Tagg JR, Chilcott CN (2006) Safety assessment of the oral cavity probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:3050-3053

Inflammation and Infection
Cosseau C, Devine DA, Dullaghan E, Gardy JL, Chikatamarla A, Gellatly S, Yu LL, Pistolic J, Falsafi R, Tagg J, Hancock RE (2008) The commensal Streptococcus salivarius K12 downregulates the innate immune responses of human epithelial cells and promotes host-microbe homeostasis. Infect Immun 76:4163-4175

Throat Health
Dierksen KP, Tagg JR (2000) The influence of indigenous bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus salivarius on the acquisition of Streptococcus pyogenes by primary school children in Dunedin, New Zealand. In: Martin DR, Tagg JR (eds) Streptococci and streptococcal diseases: entering the new millennium. Securacopy, Auckland, pp 81-85

Why Aktiv-K12 Works
Heng NCK, Wescombe PA, Burton JP, Jack RW, Tagg JR (2007) The diversity of bacteriocins produced by gram-positive bacteria. In: Riley MA, Chavan M (eds) Evolution and ecology of bacteriocins. Springer, New York, pp 45-92.

Study on Bacteria and the Tongue
Kazor CE, Mitchell PM, Lee AM, Stokes LN, Loesche WJ, Dewhirst FE, Paster BJ (2003) Diversity of bacterial populations on the tongue dorsa of patients with halitosis and healthy patients. J Clin Microbiol 41:558-563

Aktiv-K12 vs Yeasts
Liljemark WF, Gibbons RJ (1973) Suppression of Candida albicans by human oral streptococci in gnotobiotic mice. Infect Immun 8:846-849

Ear Infections and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Power DA, Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Dawes PJ, Tagg JR (2008) Preliminary investigations of the colonisation of upper respiratory tract tissues of infants using a paediatric formulation of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27:1261-1263

Ear and Throat Infections
Walls T, Power D, Tagg J (2003) Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) production by the normal flora of the nasopharynx: potential to protect against otitis media? J Med Microbiol 52:829-833